From: BMSDGATH <BMSDGATH@livjm.ac.uk>
To: memetics@mmu.ac.uk
Subject: Re: Associative learning versus imitation - JoM Article
Date: Mon, 19 Oct 1998 08:47:07 -0400 (EDT)
TGV0knMgbG9vayBpbiBtb3JlIGRldGFpbCBhdCBzb21lIGV4YW1wbGVzIG9m
IGFsbGVnZWQgaW1pdGF0aW9uIGluIA0KY2hpbXBzIGZyb20gdGhlIHdlbGwt
a25vd24gd29yayBvZiBKYW5lIEdvb2RhbGwgKDE5ODgpLiAgR29vZGFsbJJz
IA0KaW5kZXggcmVmZXJlbmNlcyBmaXZlIHBhZ2VzIG9uIHRoaXMgc3ViamVj
dCAocHAuIDk4LCAxMDYsIDExMCwgMjI4LCAyNDIpLg0KDQpPbiBwLiA5OCBH
b29kYWxsIHNheXM6DQoNCpNRdWlja2x5IEV2ZXJlZCBbYSBjaGltcF0gc3Vj
a2VkIHRoZSBsaXF1aWQgZnJvbSBoaXMgaG9tZW1hZGUgc3BvbmdlIA0KW21h
ZGUgZnJvbSBjaGV3ZWQgbGVhdmVzXSBhbmQgcG9rZWQgaXQgZG93biBpbnRv
IHRoZSBob2xsb3cgb25jZSBtb3JlLiAgDQpBdCB0aGF0IG1vbWVudCBHaWxr
YSBbYW5vdGhlciBjaGltcF0gY2FtZSB1cCBhbmQgd2F0Y2hlZCBoaW0gY2xv
c2VseS4gIA0KV2hlbiBoZSBtb3ZlZCBhd2F5IHNoZSBtYWRlIGEgdGlueSBz
cG9uZ2UgYW5kIHB1c2hlZCBpdCBpbnRvIHRoZSBob2xsb3csIA0KYnV0IGl0
IHNlZW1lZCB0aGF0IGFsbCB0aGUgd2F0ZXIgaGFkIGdvbmUuICBTaGUgZHJv
cHBlZCBoZXIgc3BvbmdlIGFuZCANCndhbmRlcmVkIG9mZi6UDQoNCkltaXRh
dGlvbj8gIE5vdCB2ZXJ5IGNvbnZpbmNpbmcsIGFzIEdpbGthIGNvdWxkIGhh
dmUgDQpwcmV2aW91c2x5IGluZGVwZW5kZW50bHkgbGVhcm5lZCBob3cgdG8g
bWFrZSB0aGUgkXNwb25nZZIgdG9vbCwgDQphbmQgdGhpcyByZWluZm9yY2Vk
IGJlaGF2aW91ciB3YXMgc2ltcGx5IHJlbGVhc2VkIGJ5IHRoZSBzaWdodCBv
ZiANCkV2ZXJlZCBzdWNraW5nIHdhdGVyIGZyb20gaGlzIG93biBzcG9uZ2Uu
DQoNCk9uIHAuIDEwNjoNCg0Kky4uLkZsaW50IFthIGp1dmVuaWxlXSBuZWFy
bHkgYWx3YXlzIHJvZGUgb24gRmxvknMgW2hpcyBtb3RoZXKSc10gYmFjayBv
ciANCmVsc2UgZGFuZ2xlZCBiZXNpZGUgaGVyIHdoaWxlIHNoZSB3YWxrZWQg
dGhlIG1vdW50YWlucy4gIFRoaXMgd2FzIG5vdCANCnN1cnByaXNpbmcsIHNp
bmNlIGFsbCBpbmZhbnRzIGFmdGVyIGEgY2VydGFpbiBhZ2Ugc3RhcnQgcmlk
aW5nIHRoZWlyIA0KbW90aGVycyByYXRoZXIgdGhhbiBjbGluZ2luZyBvbiBi
ZW5lYXRoOyBidXQgd2Ugd2VyZSBhc3RvbmlzaGVkIHRvIHNlZSANCnRoYXQg
RmlmaSBbRmxpbnSScyBlbGRlciBzaXN0ZXJdLCB3aGVuIG5leHQgd2Ugc2F3
IGhlciB0YWtlIEZsaW50LCBhbHNvIA0KdHJpZWQgdG8gcHVzaCBoaW0gb250
byBoZXIgYmFjay4gIFRoaXMgd2FzIHN1cmVseSBhbiBleGFtcGxlIG9mIGxl
YXJuaW5nDQpieSBkaXJlY3Qgb2JzZXJ2YXRpb24gb2YgaGVyIG1vdGhlcpJz
IGJlaGF2aW91ci6UDQoNCpNTdXJlbHmUPyAgSG1tbS4uLi4gSSBkb26SdCBr
bm93IGhvdyBHb29kYWxsIGNhbiBiZSBzbyBjb25maWRlbnQuICBQZXJoYXBz
IA0KRmxpbnQgd2FzIHNpbXBseSBvZiBhbiBhZ2Ugd2hlbiBpdCB3YXMgbm8g
bG9uZ2VyIGNvbWZvcnRhYmxlIGZvciBoaXMgZWxkZXIgDQpzaXN0ZXIgdG8g
YWxsb3cgaGltIHRvIGNsaW5nIGJlbmVhdGggaGVyLiAgQXMgYW4gZXhhbXBs
ZSBvZiBpbWl0YXRpb24sIHRoaXMgDQppcyBwcmV0dHkgdW5kZXJ3aGVsbWlu
Zy4NCg0KT24gcC4gIDExMDoNCg0Kk1doZW4gdGVybWl0ZXMgYXJlIHNwaWxs
ZWQgb250byB0aGUgc3VyZmFjZSBvZiB0aGUgaGVhcCwgb2xkZXIgY2hpbXBz
IA0KbW9wIHRoZW0gdXAgd2l0aCB0aGUgYmFja3Mgb2YgdGhlaXIgd3Jpc3Rz
OiB0aGUgdGVybWl0ZXMgYmVjb21lIGVudGFuZ2xlZCANCmluIHRoZSBoYWly
cyBhbmQgYXJlIHBpY2tlZCBvZmYgd2l0aCB0aGUgbGlwcy4gIEl0IHdhcyBz
b29uIGFmdGVyIHRoZSANCnRlcm1pdGUgc2Vhc29uIGJlZ2FuIHRoYXQgRmxp
bnQgc3RhcnRlZCB0byBtb3AgdGhpbmdzIC0gdGhlIGdyb3VuZCwgaGlzIA0K
b3duIGxlZ3MsIGhpcyBtb3RoZXKScyBiYWNrIGFzIGhlIHJvZGUgYWxvbmcs
IGFueXRoaW5nIGJ1dCB0ZXJtaXRlcy6UDQoNCkFnYWluIGRpZmZpY3VsdCB0
byBpbnRlcnByZXQuICBGbGludCBtaWdodCBoYXZlIG9ic2VydmVkIG1vcHBp
bmcgYmVoYXZpb3VyIA0KZHVyaW5nIHRoZSB0ZXJtaXRlIHNlYXNvbiwgYW5k
IGhhdmUgc3RhcnRlZCBpbWl0YXRpbmcgaXQsIGJ1dCBvbiB0aGUgb3RoZXIg
DQpoYW5kIG1vcHBpbmcgbWF5IGJlIGFuIGluc3RpbmN0aXZlIGFjdGlvbiB3
aGljaCBzaW1wbHkgaGFwcGVuZWQgdG8gYmVnaW4gDQppbiBGbGludCBjb2lu
Y2lkZW50YWxseSB3aXRoIHRoZSB0ZXJtaXRlIHNlYXNvbi4gIFRoZSBmYWN0
IHRoYXQgRmxpbnQgDQptb3BwZWQgYXQgcmFuZG9tLCB3b3VsZCBzZWVtIHRv
IHN1cHBvcnQgdGhpcyBhbHRlcm5hdGl2ZSwgbm9uLWltaXRhdGl2ZSwgDQp2
aWV3Lg0KDQpwLjIyOCwgZGVzY3JpYmluZyBhIHRlcm1pdGUgZmlzaGluZyBl
eHBlZGl0aW9uIHVzaW5nIHN0aWNrcyBhcyB0b29scyB0byANCmV4dHJhY3Qg
dGVybWl0ZXMgZnJvbSB0aGUgbW91bmQ6DQoNCpNIZSBbTWVybGluLCBhIGp1
dmVuaWxlXSBzdGlsbCBqZXJrZWQgaGlzIHRvb2xzIGZyb20gdGhlIGhvbGVz
IHJhdGhlciANCnRoYW4gd2l0aGRyYXdpbmcgdGhlbSB3aXRoIHRoZSBjYXJl
IG9mIGFuIGFkdWx0LiAgSXQgd2FzIGluZGVlZCBzdHJhbmdlIC0gDQpwYXJ0
aWN1bGFybHkgYXMgTWlmZiBbaGlzIG1vdGhlcl0gd2FzIGEga2VlbiB0ZXJt
aXRlLWZpc2hlciBhbmQgTWVybGluIA0KbXVzdCBoYXZlIHNwZW50IG1hbnkg
aG91cnMgd2l0aCBoZXIgd2hpbGUgc2hlIHdvcmtlZCBoZWFwIGFmdGVyIGhl
YXAulA0KDQpXZWxsLCBpdJJzIG9ubHkgc3RyYW5nZSBpZiB5b3UgYXNzdW1l
IHRoYXQgTWVybGluIHdvdWxkIGxlYXJuIGJ5IGltaXRhdGlvbiANCmZyb20g
TWlmZi4gIE1lcmxpbiBuZXZlciBzZWVtcyB0byBsZWFybiBhbnl0aGluZyBh
bmQgbGF0ZXIgZGllcy4gIEJ1dCANCndoZXRoZXIgeW91IHRha2UgTWVybGlu
IHRvIGhhdmUgYmVlbiBkZWZpY2llbnQgaW4gaGlz
IGNhcGFjaXR5IHRvIGltaXRhdGUsIA0Kb3Igd2hldGhlciBoZSB3YXMgc2lt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===============================================================
This was distributed via the memetics list associated with the
Journal of Memetics - Evolutionary Models of Information Transmission
For information about the journal and the list (e.g. unsubscribing)
see: http://www.cpm.mmu.ac.uk/jom-emit