From: Keith Henson (hkhenson@rogers.com)
Date: Wed 04 May 2005 - 21:55:38 GMT
At 07:29 AM 04/05/05 -0700, Bill wrote:
>All:
>
>I have recently begun reading "The Great Influenza", by John Barry, about
>the 1918 epidemic. It's a good read. :-)
>
>He says something about the evolution of the influenza virus that is
>probably old hat to many here, but was new to me. First:
>
>"The more advanced the organism, however, the more mechanisms exist to
>prevent mutations. A person mutates at a much slower rate than bacteria,
>bacteria mutate at a much slower rate than a virus -- and a DNA virus
>mutates at a much slower rate than an RNA virus."
>
>So far, so good. Nothing new. Next:
>
>"Viruses that use RNA to carry their genetic information mutate much
>faster -- from 10,000 to 1 million times faster -- than any DNA virus."
>
>Wow! Now:
>
>"Different RNA viruses mutate at different rates as well. A few mutate so
>rapidly that virologists consider them not so much a population of copies
>of the same virus as what they call a 'quasi species' or a 'mutant swarm'."
>
>Needless to say, the influenza virus falls in this category.
>
>There is a concern among memeticists and critics of memetics about copying
>fidelity. Some critics say that memes mutate too quickly to be true
>evolutionary entities, and some memeticists wish to restrict memes to
>entities with high copying fidelity.
>
>Doesn't the example of mutant swarms allay those concerns? The flu virus,
>HIV, and others seem to mutate much, much more rapidly than memes, even
>accounting for their more rapid replication rate. Memes may mutate too
>rapidly to be analogous to species, but surely not too rapidly to be
>analogous to quasi species.
>
>Comments?
It depends on the meme and the correction forces how rapidly they
mutate. Writing can *really* slow down the rate. For example, the number
of strikes for an out and the number of balls to walk has not changed
during my life. So far at least.
The periodic table has changed, but not very much during the same time.
On the other hand, the Mormon church as changed a lot of its practices as
they just got too out of step with the times. They even go around to
libraries and try to swap out the old books for new.
And fads in cosmology . . . . talk about a mutating swarm.
Keith Henson
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