RE: Genome is not a map to the human self

From: Vincent Campbell (v.p.campbell@stir.ac.uk)
Date: Wed Jul 05 2000 - 12:41:03 BST

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    From: Vincent Campbell <v.p.campbell@stir.ac.uk>
    To: "'memetics@mmu.ac.uk'" <memetics@mmu.ac.uk>
    Subject: RE: Genome is not a map to the human self
    Date: Wed, 5 Jul 2000 12:41:03 +0100 
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    Did any of our US contributors catch CBS' coverage of either the genome
    project (which didn't mention British involvement at any stage in its
    reporting- not even in the discovery of DNA), or its attack on the UK as a
    more violent society than the US?

    I wonder what's up with Dan Rather- did he have a bad holiday here once?!

    More generally how was the genome coverage? In the UK a couple of
    newspapers put in on the front page, but many preferred stories about
    royalty and soap stars.

    When will science ever be covered properly by the news media!

    > ----------
    > From: Wade T.Smith
    > Reply To: memetics@mmu.ac.uk
    > Sent: Tuesday, July 4, 2000 4:48 pm
    > To: SKEPTIC-L; Memetics Discussion List
    > Subject: Fwd: Genome is not a map to the human self
    >
    > Genome is not a map to the human self
    >
    > http://www.boston.com/dailyglobe2/186/science/Genome_is_not_a_map_to_the_h
    > u
    > man_selfP.shtml
    >
    > By Chet Raymo, 7/4/2000
    >
    > ''Today we are learning the language in which God created life,'' gushed
    > President Bill Clinton.
    >
    > ''The first great technological triumph of the 21st century,'' purred
    > British Prime Minister Tony Blair.
    >
    > Neither world leader was quite correct as they hitched their political
    > wagons to the announcement of a first draft of the human genome.
    >
    > We have understood the language of the DNA for nearly half a century,
    > thanks to the work of James Watson, Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklin, and
    > a host of other scientists, many long gone.And the technologies used to
    > read the 3 billion letters of the human genome, including the PCR method
    > of amplifying DNA and powerful, high-speed computers, belong very much to
    > the century just past.
    >
    > What we had last week was a publicity blitz as much as anything else,
    > carefully orchestrated by scientists. Powerful new drugs, cures for
    > cancer, the eradication of inherited diseases: To read the media reports
    > of the human genome story you'd think we had just witnessed the Second
    > Coming.
    >
    > There is a story here, a big, big story. But the story is spread out over
    > a century or more of scientific investigation, and it will extend far
    > into the future in ways we cannot yet imagine. The ability to read and
    > modify genes will undoubtedly confer many benefits on humankind. It also
    > bears the potential for great mischief.
    >
    > Consider the possibility of extended lifetimes - humans living for
    > hundreds of years in the prime of life. If the aging process is
    > controlled by genes, then there is no reason in principle why the genes
    > can't be jiggered to delay senescence. Benefit or mischief?
    >
    > These new gene technologies raise ethical issues of staggering
    > proportions and muddled complexity. What is urgently required is a
    > vigorous public discussion of what it means to be human, informed by
    > cutting-edge science and incorporating the wisdom of the past.
    >
    > The old notion that the human ''soul'' is an angel-like sprite that flits
    > around in the body like a ghost in a machine is as dead as a dodo. But
    > the nonsense we heard last week - that the sequencing of the human genome
    > ''will lead us to a total understanding of not only human life, but all
    > of life'' - is just as mistaken, and perhaps dangerous.
    >
    > We may be less than angels, but we are certainly more than genes.The
    > human genome is like the score of a great symphony. The music is implicit
    > in the score, but the score is not music. Music requires the talents of
    > musicians, conductor, instrument makers, concert hall designers, even
    > listeners. Music implies history, traditions, understanding, esthetics.
    >
    > By analogy, the human self is not the dots on the staff. The human self
    > is the expressed sound in all of its glory.
    >
    > Genes are nothing until they are expressed in every one of the tens of
    > trillions of cells of the human body. How and when they are expressed
    > depends upon the totality of the organism and its environment. The
    > chemical machinery of the cells is important, as is the unceasing
    > exchange of electrochemical signals between cells.
    >
    > The connections between brain cells are crucial to defining who we are,
    > and none of that is programmed in the DNA. The detailed wiring of the
    > brain depends upon experience - the interaction of the organism with the
    > environment, including other organisms.
    >
    > A human self is a window open to the world, susceptible to
    > electromagnetic waves, mechanical vibrations, chemical stimuli, molecular
    > forces, all of which have the power to change the internal states of the
    > organism.
    >
    > In each of the tens of trillions of cells in my body there are two
    > complete copies of my DNA on 46 chromosomes - an armspan of double helix,
    > 3 billion chemical subunits (the ''letters'' of the language of life, A,
    > C, G and T), 80,000 genes that code for the proteins that perform life's
    > functions. All of this is potentially knowable but, when you know it, you
    > won't know me.
    >
    > You might know the color of my eyes, my sex, and whether I have a
    > propensity for certain kinds of disease. You will certainly know whether
    > I am a human or a mouse, and you might even guess my race. But you won't
    > know whether I prefer Mozart to Beethoven. You won't know if I'm in love.
    > You won't know if I want to live for 80 years or 800.
    >
    > Dr. John Sulston, a leader of the British effort at sequencing the human
    > genome, last week said: ''We are going to hold in our hands the set of
    > instructions to make a human being.'' A human being, perhaps, but not a
    > human self.
    >
    > What makes a human self - and what makes a human self precious - is not
    > the .2 percent of the DNA sequence that differs between individuals, but
    > the totality of dynamic interactions between tens of trillions of cells
    > and their environment, something you'll never be able to read in the DNA.
    >
    > Chet Raymo is a professor of physics at Stonehill College and the author
    > of several books on science.
    >
    > This story ran on page F2 of the Boston Globe on 7/4/2000. © Copyright
    > 2000 Globe Newspaper Company.
    >
    >
    >
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