From: Keith Henson (hkhenson@rogers.com)
Date: Thu 08 Apr 2004 - 03:08:23 GMT
Almost a year ago (http://cfpm.org/~majordom/memetics/2000/15011.html May 
19, 2003) I mentioned a story by Charles Sheffield.  Dr. Sheffield was a 
scientist and an author of science fiction.
"In one of Charles Sheffield's stories (sorry can't remember which one) he 
included page-long description of a race that was subject to periodic 
destructive meme plagues. When the population built up to a critical level, 
a meme inducing them to kill each other would spread. The spasm of killing 
would reduce their numbers back to a very small population.
"I think humans are subject to something similar to Sheffield's imaginary 
aliens. There are sound evolutionary reasons to believe this psychological 
trait has roots all the way back to our common ancestor with the chimpanzees.
"The organized killing of one chimpanzee group by another would seem to be 
meme based . . . . "  (My goodness, I didn't realize I had been talking 
about this for a *year*.)
I was in a library recently and found what I had been looking for last 
year.  The story is _Divergence_ 1991.  This is more like two and a half 
pages but since there hasn't been much traffic on the list lately, I 
figured it was worth posting for amusement.  It is 6.8k so should fit in 
one chunk.
Page 48
ENTRY 78: VARNIAN.
Distribution: The Varnian cladeworld, Evarnor, orbits an F-type star near 
the center of the ellipsoidal gas cloud known in the Fourth Alliance as the 
Swan of Hercules. The cloud lies approximately 1 70 light-years from Sol, 
in a direction bisecting the angle between the galactic normal and the 
vector to the galactic center.
Varnians spread from their original home via sublight-speed ships to 
thirteen other planets prior to their discovery by human explorers. All 
fourteen of these Varnian worlds lie within or on the boundaries of the 
Swan of Hercules.
Subsequent to that first discovery (in E. 1983, by the members of the 
Dmitriev Ark), small groups of Varnians have been spread by human contact 
throughout the Fourth Alliance and the Cecropia Federation. Spiral-arm 
regulations prohibit the formation of any colony of Varnians in excess of 
four thousand members, except on Evarnor itself or on one of the original 
thirteen Varnian colony worlds. Despite Varnian petition, this edict is 
judged unlikely to change in the foreseeable future (see Culture, below).
The population of Varnians throughout the spiral arm is estimated at 220 
million. Although in no danger of extinction, they represent one of the 
rarer intelligences of the region.
Physical Characteristics: The Varnians are versatile metamorphs, capable of 
extensive physical transformation. Since Evarnor is a low-temperature 
planet, close to the limit for oxygen breathers, the Varnians who live 
there adopt in repose a spherical configuration that maximizes heat 
conservation. They extrude variable-width pseudopods as required, but they 
rarely deviate far from the overall spheroid.
Varnians in warmer environments are less constrained in appearance. In the 
presence of members of another species they will often mimic their main 
features, from the basic elements of endoskeleton, limb structure, and 
epidermal appearance, to such refinements as eye color, hair follicles, and 
behavioral patterns. There are no known limits to such mimicry t"Don't 
judge a Varman by the warmth of her smile").
History: The Varnian story appears as a constant battle with racial 
insanity. If any species points up the distinction between intelligence and 
rational behavior, this is it. Archeological records, obtained by human and 
Cecropian workers, show that Varnian civilization went through at least 
five sudden and total extinctions, with subsequent slow returns from 
barbarism. Each collapse occurred without warning, following along stable 
period of peaceful development. The estimated cycle time has been as short 
as forty thousand years (Second Eclipse) and as long as seven hundred 
thousand (Fourth Eclipse).
The loss of all but scanty records of those five disasters makes 
reconstruction of past events difficult; however, the spread of Varnian 
civilization across fourteen planets of twelve suns during three different 
eras proves that an advanced technology was achieved in at least those cycles.
The continuous written history of the Varnians can be traced back for 
twenty-two thousand years, to the time of the beginning of the Sixth Emergence.
Culture: Today's Varnian civilization is tranquil, unambitious, and 
apparently stable. It has been so for thirty thousand years, with no sign 
of an impending sixth species-wide disaster. However, the 
Per'nathon-Magreeu symbiote (PM) suggested in E. 2731 that this is no cause 
for complacency. It was PM's analysis of Varnian culture that finally led 
to the restriction on colony size to four thousand members anywhere beyond 
the original fourteen Varnian worlds.
PM, in a systematic analysis of Varnian languages, noted that although 
there are over 140 semantic groups, languages, and local dialects in use 
among Varnians, none of those possesses a word meaning cynicism, 
self-criticism, or skepticism. They also pointed out that the basic 
collapse of Varnian civilization took place only on Evarnor, with the 
failure of other colonies arising from their material dependence on the 
cladeworld. In addition, the several different collapses do not all appear 
to have arisen for the same reason. Finally, PM remarked that the autopsies 
of Varnian brains reveal no meme-inhibitor complex.
PM concluded that the Varnian collapses were a resonance phenomenon, the 
consequence of positive feedback among large Varnian groups. Lacking the 
necessary faculty of reasoned skepticism, the Varnians are uniquely 
vulnerable to negative memetic influences. Destructive memes, spreading 
unchecked through the whole population, feed on themselves, to the point 
where individual Varnians become incapable of rational thought. The memetic 
plagues are terminated only by a civilization's collapse, with the 
associated loss of rapid communication among large groups.
PM set the absolute lower limit of interacting Varnians for such a 
phenomenon at twenty thousand participants. The onset of instability will 
not normally be seen until the number of individuals involved is in the 
millions. The present maximum value of four thousand for general colony 
size is extremely conservative.
-From the Universal Species Catalog (Subclass: Sapients).
***88******
Searching on "Charles Sheffield" meme OR memetics turns up a number of 
pages but nothing jumped out as something else he did on the subject.
There is an obit giving a lot of detail about Dr. Sheffield life here:
http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&contentId=A59309-2002Nov2¬Found=trueรข
" . . . born in England and graduated from Cambridge University's St. 
John's College with double first-class honors in mathematics and physics. 
He received a doctorate in theoretical physics from American University in 
Washington."
Interesting guy.
Keith Henson
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