RE: memetics-digest V1 #1319 - are memes alive?

From: Lawrence DeBivort (debivort@umd5.umd.edu)
Date: Mon 31 Mar 2003 - 14:12:21 GMT

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    Hi, Bill,

    James Grier Miller, LIVING SYSTEMS, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1978. It is out in paperback, and, I think, in an expanded version. Miller defines a living system, describes 19 subsystems that are essential for living systems, and then examines these 19 subsystems and how they functions in different levels of living system: cells, organs organisms, groups, organizations (e.g. an ocean-liner, a corporation), societies, and a supranational system.

    Since his initial work, Miller, with his wife's help I believe, had added a couple of additional subsystems, though not he pure 'cognitive' one that I thought his initial listing required.

    Beer's work, which focused on 5 essential subsystems required of a 'viable' living system, seems adequately complete, given his focus on (mere) viability. If one if interested in high performance, as I am, them Beer's model is not adequate, but one can add the missing pieces readily enough, into what I call the BeerPlus model. But Beer did not want to expand his model, having become committed to the 5 subsystems he locked into in his several excellent books.

    Cheers, Lawry

    > -----Original Message-----
    > From: fmb-majordomo@mmu.ac.uk [mailto:fmb-majordomo@mmu.ac.uk]On Behalf
    > Of Bill Hall
    > Sent: Mon, March 31, 2003 7:34 AM
    > To: memetics@mmu.ac.uk
    > Subject: Re: memetics-digest V1 #1319 - are memes alive?
    >
    >
    > Lawry,
    >
    > Beer's books are on my desk, with Brain of the Firm quite heavily
    > annotated,
    > but I haven't encountered the Miller work yet. Perhaps that is
    > due to my ego
    > as a biologist.
    >
    > If you want some real hair raising reading about memes in
    > autopoiesis, read
    > Nelson and Winter's 1982 An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change - and
    > especially their chapter on Skills where they discuss the existence and
    > evolutionary significance of tacit knowledge at the
    > organizational level. Of
    > course, they apparently were unaware of the ideas of either memetics or
    > autopoiesis when they wrote their book. Involvement with Santa Fe
    > Institute
    > came only later.
    >
    > Anyone interested in some further exploration of these ideas should
    > subscribe to Critical_Cafe http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Critical_Cafe/ on
    > the Karl Popper Web -
    > http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Critical_Cafe/. There is
    > a lot of quite useful overlap.
    >
    > Regards,
    >
    > Bill Hall
    > ------------------------------------------
    > Information is not knowledge
    > Knowledge is not wisdom
    > Wisdom is not truth
    > Truth is not beauty
    > Beauty is not love
    > Love is not music
    > Music is THE BEST
    > -----------------------------
    > (Zappa - Packard Goose)
    > ----- Original Message -----
    > From: "Lawrence DeBivort" <debivort@umd5.umd.edu>
    > To: <memetics@mmu.ac.uk>
    > Sent: Monday, March 31, 2003 10:11 PM
    > Subject: RE: memetics-digest V1 #1319 - are memes alive?
    >
    >
    > > Nice summary, Bill, and nice to see the mention of Varela and Maturana,
    > two
    > > of the most useful thinkers of recent years.
    > >
    > > I would add Jim Miller's LIVING SYSTEMS THEORY to the mix, and Stafford
    > > Beer's work as well -- both represent extraordinary advances.
    > >
    > > Cheers,
    > > Lawry
    > >
    > > > -----Original Message-----
    > > > From: fmb-majordomo@mmu.ac.uk
    > [mailto:fmb-majordomo@mmu.ac.uk]On Behalf
    > > > Of Bill Hall
    > > > Sent: Mon, March 31, 2003 5:55 AM
    > > > To: memetics@mmu.ac.uk
    > > > Subject: Re: memetics-digest V1 #1319 - are memes alive?
    > > >
    > > >
    > > > I'll amplify a comment I made last week about whether memes can be
    > > > considered to be living.
    > > >
    > > > To me the closest thing there is to a living meme is the
    > self-producing
    > > > (i.e., autopoietic)organization, which could be interpreted as a
    > > > self-producing assembly of mutually catalytic memes.
    > > >
    > > > The theory of autopoiesis as a definition for the property of
    > > > life was first
    > > > introduced to the English language in 1980 by Humbeto Maturana
    > > > and Francisco
    > > > Varela in their book Autopoiesis and Cognition. A more recent work is
    > The
    > > > Tree of Knowledge, 1988. Personally, I think their structure is quite
    > good
    > > > because I was using a very similar definition as an heuristic
    > when I was
    > > > teaching a variety of basic biology courses in the 1970's.
    > > >
    > > > Georg von Krogh and Johan Roos 1995 applied the theory to
    > > > organizations, in
    > > > their book Organizational Epistemology. Here they give a neat
    > > > checklist for
    > > > determining whether an entity should be considered to be autopoietic:
    > > >
    > > > o Identifiably bounded (membranes, tags). In other words,
    > > > if it can't be clearly distinguished from its environment
    > > > it isn't a discrete entity.
    > > >
    > > > o Identifiable components within the boundary (complex)
    > > >
    > > > o Mechanistic (i.e., metabolism/cybernetic processes)
    > > >
    > > > o System boundaries internally determined (self reference)
    > > >
    > > > o System intrinsically produces own components (self production)
    > > >
    > > > o Self-produced components are necessary and sufficient to
    > produce the
    > > > system (autonomy).
    > > >
    > > > Only where all these properties exist together can the entity be
    > > > considered
    > > > to be living.
    > > >
    > > > Memes can certainly participate in forming a complex self
    > > > productive system,
    > > > but as I understand the term, one meme on its own is like a virus (a
    > small
    > > > number of genes wrapped in an bomb casing) - it has no life on
    > > > its own, but
    > > > in the right circumstances it can explode and subvert an existing
    > > > autopoietic system to make more of its own kind. (An analogue to a
    > suicide
    > > > bomber?)
    > > >
    > > > Regards,
    > > >
    > > > Bill Hall
    > > > ------------------------------------------
    > > > Information is not knowledge
    > > > Knowledge is not wisdom
    > > > Wisdom is not truth
    > > > Truth is not beauty
    > > > Beauty is not love
    > > > Love is not music
    > > > Music is THE BEST
    > > > -----------------------------
    > > > (Zappa - Packard Goose)
    > > > ----- Original Message -----
    > > > From: "Dace" <edace@earthlink.net>
    > > > To: <memetics@mmu.ac.uk>
    > > > Sent: Monday, March 31, 2003 8:28 AM
    > > > Subject: Re: memetics-digest V1 #1319
    > > >
    > > >
    > > > >
    > > > > > From: "Scott Chase" <ecphoric@hotmail.com>
    > > > > >
    > > > > > > > > > Memes alive? Have we resurrected animism?
    > > > > > > > >
    > > > > > > > >If I attributed life to animals would you accuse me
    > of animism?
    > > > > > > > >
    > > > > > > > >
    > > > > > > > >
    > > > > > > > No. Butam I wrong in thinking you are attributing
    > life to memes
    > in
    > > > the
    > > > > > > > literal sense (not the marginally less absurd metaphoric
    > > > sense)? I'd
    > > > > say
    > > > > > > > that a palm tree or a porpoise are alive. An idea is
    > not alive.
    > A
    > > > > virus
    > > > > > > > strains ones views on what life is, and I'd probably lean
    > > > towards no
    > > > > hee
    > > > > > > > too. A viral idea ("meme") if this exists, doesn't seem
    > > > to be a good
    > > > > > > > candidate for being alive.
    > > > > > >
    > > > > > >At the very least, viruses participate in life
    > processes. The same
    > > > could
    > > > > > >be said of memes. After all, the mind/brain is as alive as any
    > other
    > > > > organ.
    > > > > > >A meme, i.e. a "selfish" idea, lives and evolves in
    > relation to the
    > > > > cultural
    > > > > > >environment in the same sense that an animal lives and evolves in
    > > > > relation
    > > > > > >to the natural environment.
    > > > > > >
    > > > > > >
    > > > > > But I thought a meme was akin to a gene, not an animal.
    > > > > >
    > > > > > An animal is alive. Is a gene alive?
    > > > >
    > > > > This is really opening up a can of worms.
    > > > >
    > > > > As "systems" theorist Paul Weiss argued many years ago, there's no
    > clear
    > > > > definition between life and nonlife. Any self-organized, dynamic
    > system
    > > > > that perpetuates the conditions of its existence can be
    > > > considered alive.
    > > > > In recent times biology has tended to arbitrarily divide things off
    > > > between
    > > > > those systems that utilize genes and those that do not. For
    > > > reductionistic
    > > > > biology, it's not simply that genes are alive but that they are life
    > > > itself.
    > > > > It's the gene that makes you alive, and the point of your
    > > > existence is to
    > > > > spread your genes. As Susan Blackmore reasons, if an
    > animal is a gene
    > > > > machine, then a human is a meme machine. It's the
    > particles, whether
    > of
    > > > > bodies or cultures, that determine the higher levels of structure.
    > > > >
    > > > > I'm perfectly willing to grant agency to genes and memes.
    > Not simply
    > > > living
    > > > > aspects of larger systems, they help shape those systems
    > and are thus
    > > > doubly
    > > > > "alive." What's most intriguing about memetics is its
    > > > vindication of the
    > > > > founding principles of modern psychology. We are driven by
    > unconscious
    > > > > "forces" carrying their own momentum. But that doesn't mean we
    > > > don't have
    > > > > our own agency as conscious beings. It's a complex interaction of
    > > > different
    > > > > levels of determinacy, from meme to group.
    > > > >
    > > > > Memes in the domain of human consciousness are akin to
    > animals in the
    > > > wilds.
    > > > > This is essentially what Dawkins was saying, except that, as a
    > > > reductionist,
    > > > > he thinks what evolves (and truly lives) is not the whole
    > organism but
    > > > > merely its genes. For him the genome stands in for the whole
    > > > animal. But
    > > > > we need not be bound by this predilection. Memes could just as
    > > > easily be
    > > > > regarded as species of beliefs competing in the jungles of the mind
    > with
    > > > > other such species.
    > > > >
    > > > > Ted
    > > > >
    > > > >
    > > > >
    > > > > ===============================================================
    > > > > This was distributed via the memetics list associated with the
    > > > > Journal of Memetics - Evolutionary Models of Information
    > Transmission
    > > > > For information about the journal and the list (e.g. unsubscribing)
    > > > > see: http://www.cpm.mmu.ac.uk/jom-emit
    > > > >
    > > >
    > > >
    > > > ===============================================================
    > > > This was distributed via the memetics list associated with the
    > > > Journal of Memetics - Evolutionary Models of Information Transmission
    > > > For information about the journal and the list (e.g. unsubscribing)
    > > > see: http://www.cpm.mmu.ac.uk/jom-emit
    > > >
    > >
    > >
    > > ===============================================================
    > > This was distributed via the memetics list associated with the
    > > Journal of Memetics - Evolutionary Models of Information Transmission
    > > For information about the journal and the list (e.g. unsubscribing)
    > > see: http://www.cpm.mmu.ac.uk/jom-emit
    > >
    >
    >
    > ===============================================================
    > This was distributed via the memetics list associated with the
    > Journal of Memetics - Evolutionary Models of Information Transmission
    > For information about the journal and the list (e.g. unsubscribing)
    > see: http://www.cpm.mmu.ac.uk/jom-emit
    >

    =============================================================== This was distributed via the memetics list associated with the Journal of Memetics - Evolutionary Models of Information Transmission For information about the journal and the list (e.g. unsubscribing) see: http://www.cpm.mmu.ac.uk/jom-emit



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