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4 Some examples of more expressive systems
4.2 Logics
The field of formal logic has ballooned enormously in this century. There is now a bewildering range of logics that can be used to formalise many kinds of knowledge based interactions. These naturally have the form-meaning distinction built in to the syntactic-semantic split and have the possibility of expressing a wide range of qualitative as well as quantitative properties.
Some relevant areas of logic include:
- Modal logics - these allow for the expression of a variety of notions related to necessity and possibility. These have also been used for a range of epistemic logic where reasoning about such notions as knowledge and belief are formalised.
- Non-monotonic Logics - where the strict transitivity of the inference relation is relaxed to allow reasoning involving, for instance, default assumptions or reasoning based on reasonable probability.
- Temporal Logics - these allow for the study of effects over time, in a declarative framework.
The Role of Expressiveness in Modelling Structural Change - Bruce Edmonds - 16 MAY 96
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